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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

U.S.-Iran tensions escalate as Strait of Hormuz shipping traffic drops sharply, threatening global energy markets and raising conflict fears.

WASHINGTON — Efforts to ease the escalating confrontation between the United States and Iran remain uncertain as military operations, economic pressure and the struggle over maritime access continue to shape the conflict.

At the center of the standoff is the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most strategically important waterways and a critical route for global energy shipments. Shipping traffic through the strait has fallen sharply amid renewed fighting and threats of further retaliation, raising concerns about the security of commercial vessels and the broader impact on international energy markets. Reuters reported Tuesday that only seven commodity vessels passed through the waterway on Monday, down from eight the previous day.